什么是不锈钢?
马氏体不锈钢
最常见的马氏体合金.e., 合金410, 铬含量适中,为12-18%,镍含量低,但, 更重要的是, 含碳量相对较高. 与焊接奥氏体和铁素体级不锈钢相比,焊接的主要区别是潜在的硬HAZ马氏体组织和匹配的焊接金属成分. 如果采取预防措施避免在HAZ中开裂,材料可以成功焊接, 特别是在厚截面构件和高度约束节点中.
避免焊接缺陷 -高硬度的HAZ使这种类型的不锈钢非常容易氢开裂. 破裂的风险一般随着含碳量的增加而增加. Precautions must be taken to minimize the risk by: using low hydrogen process (TIG or MIG) and ensuring the flux or flux coated consumable are dried (MMA and SAW) according to the manufacturer's instructions; preheating to around 200 to 300°C — the actual temperature will depend on weld (especially Cr and C content), 截面厚度, and the amount of hydrogen entering the weld metal; maintaining the recommended minimum interpass temperature; and carrying out post-weld heat treatment, i.e.在650 - 750°C. 时间和温度将由化学成分决定.
薄片, 低碳材料, 一般小于3毫米, 能经常焊接不预热吗, 只要采用低氢工艺, 关节约束力低, 注意清洁关节区域. Thicker section and higher carbon (>0.1%)的材料可能需要预热和焊后热处理. 焊后热处理应在焊接后立即进行,不仅要回火(增韧)结构,而且要使氢从焊缝金属和热影响区扩散.